To address this, the authors outline three phases for helping students master their math facts.
- Building foundational concepts and strategies
- Learning more efficient reasoning strategies
- Meaningful, ongoing practice leading to full fact fluency
Then they share recommendations for all three phrases: activities and games that build number sense, strategies that lead to flexible thinking, and ways to create and sustain a classroom culture of fluency. This kind of teaching helps students learn their math facts more successfully—and with less stress and anxiety.
"When we emphasize foundation concepts and reasoning strategies as the path towards building authentic fluency, students can develop their number sense, articulate their thinking, and understand the reasoning of others."
—Linda Ruiz Davenport, Connie S. Henry, Douglas H. Clements, and Julie Sarama