For one semester courses in Art Appreciation or Introduction to Art.
Imprint
Allyn & Bacon
Author(s)
Zelanski/Fisher
The Art of Seeing explores traditional and contemporary art and artistic media focusing on art as seen from the artist's point of view. The book introduces students to artistic techniques and introductory aesthetic principles. It provides clear, concise presentation, superb illustrations, and strong emphasis on the elements and media.
1 Understanding Art 12
WHAT IS ART? 13
THE CREATIVE IMPULSE 13
Artists on Art: Joseph Raffael on Creativity 15
TYPES OF ART 16
Two- and Three-Dimensional Art 16
Representational and Nonrepresentational Art 17
Fine and Applied Arts 21
Artists on Art: Georgia O’Keeffe on Abstraction 22
Public and Private Art 26
Art Issues: Censorship of Offensive Art 30
CONTENT 32
Sociopolitical Content 33
Power and Propaganda 35
Spiritual Purposes 38
Inner Experiences 42
Beauty 45
CRITICAL OPINION 46
Art Issues: Race and Gender Criticism 50
LASTING GREATNESS IN ART 53
2 Visual Elements 56
LINE 57
Seeing Line 57
The World Seen: Islamic Calligraphy 60
Implied Line 63
Descriptive Line 66
Expressive Qualities of Line 68
Directional Line 69
SHAPE AND FORM 69
Degrees of Three-Dimensionality 69
Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Form 75
Artists on Art: Henry Moore on Form and Space 80
Two-Dimensional Illusion of Form 82
Shapes 84
Artists on Art: Arshile Gorky on Elements Conveying Life’s Intensity 87
SPACE 91
Three-Dimensional Art in Space 91
Two-Dimensional Space 94
Scale 105
Spatial Illusion 108
TEXTURE 110
Actual Texture 112
Simulated Texture 113
VALUE AND LIGHT 116
Local and Interpretive Values 117
Lighting 120
Reflections 124
Artists on Art: Leonardo da Vinci on Chiaroscuro 126
Light as a Medium 128
COLOR 132
A Vocabulary of Color 132
Natural and Applied Color 136
Local, Atmospheric, and Interpretive Color 139
Emotional Effects of Color 140
Warm and Cool Colors 143
Advancing and Receding Colors 145
Color Combinations 146
Interaction of Color 149
Limited and Open Palette 152
Artists on Art: Josef Albers on Seeing Colors 153
TIME 156
Actual Movement 156
Illusion of Movement 159
The Captured Moment 159
Change Through Time 159
Artists on Art: Auguste Rodin on The Illusion of Movement 160
3 Organizing Principles of Design 164
REPETITION 165
VARIETY 169
RHYTHM 175
BALANCE 177
COMPOSITIONAL UNITY 180
EMPHASIS 185
ECONOMY 187
PROPORTION 189
RELATIONSHIP TO THE ENVIRONMENT 191
Artists on Art: Wassily Kandinsky on Underlying Harmony 194
4 Drawing 198
APPROACHES TO DRAWING 198
DRY MEDIA 201
Graphite Pencil 201
Silverpoint 202
Charcoal 203
Chalk 204
Pastel 207
Crayon 209
LIQUID MEDIA 210
Pen and Ink 210
The World Seen: Chinese Landscape Paintings 211
Brush and Ink 213
5 Painting 214
APPROACHES TO PAINTING 215
PAINT MEDIA 218
Encaustic 218
Fresco 219
Tempera 223
Oil 224
Art Issues: Cleaning and Restoring Paintings 226
Watercolor 231
Gouache 232
The World Seen: Tibetan Sand Paintings 234
Synthetics 236
Collage 239
Mosaic 240
MIXED MEDIA 243
6 Printmaking 244
APPROACHES TO PRINTMAKING 246
PRINTMAKING PROCESSES 247
Relief 247
Artists on Art: Stephen Alcorn on The Art of the Color Linocut 250
Intaglio 252
Planographic: Lithography 259
Stencil 262
Photocopy and Fax Art 262
MIXED PRINT MEDIA 264
7 Graphic Design 267
THE GRAPHIC DESIGNER AND VISUAL IDEAS 268
Artists on Art: Peter Good on The Art of Graphic Design 270
TYPOGRAPHY 272
ILLUSTRATION 274
8 Photography and Filmmaking 278
PHOTOGRAPHY 279
Artists on Art: Edward Weston on Photography as a Way of Seeing 289
Digital Photography 291
Creative Use of Digital Imaging 293
FILM 295
Art Issues: Mixing Art and Politics: The Films of Leni Riefenstahl 302
TELEVISION AND VIDEO 304
9 Digital Art 308
THE COMPUTER AS A DRAWING MEDIUM 309
THE COMPUTER AS A PAINTING MEDIUM 310
Artists on Art: Janet Cummings Good Compares Computer to Other Media 312
DIGITAL ART IN CYBERSPACE 314
COMPUTERS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL ART 315
DIGITAL VIDEO 315
Art Issues: Art Websites 316
VIRTUAL REALITY 320
THE COMPUTER AS A UNIQUE ART MEDIUM 321
Interactive Digital Art 322
10 Sculpture 326
PLANNING SCULPTURES 327
CARVING 329
Artists on Art: Michelangelo Buonarroti on Marble-Quarrying 331
The World Seen: Benin Ivory Carvings 332
MODELING 335
CASTING 337
Artists on Art: Benvenuto Cellini on A Near-Disastrous Casting 339
ASSEMBLING 340
EARTHWORKS 342
Art Issues: Preserving Ephemeral Materials 344
INSTALLATIONS, PERFORMANCES, AND MULTIMEDIA 348
11 Craft Media 350
CLAY 352
The World Seen: Chinese Porcelains 355
Artists on Art: Paula Winokur on Working in Clay 356
METAL 358
The World Seen: Precious Metalwork from Tsarist Russia 359
WOOD 360
Artists on Art: George Nakashima on A Feeling for Wood 362
GLASS 364
FIBERS 369
The World Seen: Persian Carpets 371
12 Product and Clothing Design 374
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN 375
CLOTHING DESIGN 379
The World Seen: Saris of India 384
13 Architecture 386
ARCHITECTS’ UNIQUE CONCERNS 387
FUNCTION 389
STRUCTURE 394
The World Seen: Moorish Arches and Domes 401
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ARCHITECTURE 408
14 Designed Settings 410
INTERIOR DESIGN 411
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN 414
The World Seen: Japanese Stone Gardens 418
AESTHETICS IN THE PERFORMING ARTS 420
15 Historical Styles in Western Art 428
ART MOVEMENTS 429
THE BEGINNINGS OF WESTERN ART 429
Prehistoric 429
Aegean 435
Mesopotamian 435
Art Issues: Looting of Art Treasures 436
Egyptian 439
ART OF ANCIENT CULTURES 440
Greek 440
Roman 442
Early Christian and Byzantine 442
MEDIEVAL ART 444
Early Medieval 444
Romanesque 448
Gothic 448
Late Gothic 450
RENAISSANCE ART 450
Early Renaissance in Italy 451
Art Issues: The Camera Obscura: A Trade Secret? 452
High Renaissance in Italy 454
Northern Renaissance 458
Art Issues: Protecting Famous Artworks 460
Mannerism 463
BAROQUE ART 464
Southern Baroque 464
Northern Baroque 468
Rococo 468
EIGHTEENTH- AND EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY ART 468
Neoclassicism 469
Romanticism 471
LATER NINETEENTH-CENTURY ART 472
Realism 472
Impressionism 475
Post-Impressionism 475
Artists on Art: Paul Gauguin on Cross-Cultural Borrowings 476
TWENTIETH-CENTURY ART 479
Expressionism 481
Fauvism 481
Cubism 483
Futurism 483
Abstract and Nonobjective Art 483
Dada 484
Surrealism 486
Traditional Realism 486
Abstract Expressionism 486
Post-Painterly Abstraction 487
Pop Art 490
Minimalism 490
Technological Art 491
Conceptual Art 492
Earthworks 493
Performance Art 494
Installations 494
New Realism 496
The Craft Object 496
Neoexpressionism 499
Post-modernism 501
Widening of the Mainstream 503
Artists on Art: Deborah Muirhead on Art as Ancestral Exploration 504
Art Issues: Art as Investment 508
16 Understanding Art on All Levels 512
PICASSO’S GUERNICA 513
THE TEMPLES OF ANGKOR 518
MICHELANGELO’S SISTINE CHAPEL CEILING 522
FRANK GEHRY’S GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM IN BILBAO 528